The aim of conducting this research was to evaluate the viscosity change in the continuous casting of steel mold powders by altering their chemical compositions, using HOT STAGE MICROSCOPE analysis.4 low-fluorine samples containing such compositions as MnO, Fe2O3, Li2O, TiO2 and ZnO, as well as another fluorine-free sample containing a combination of Fe2O3 and TiO2, were prepared in this research. The viscosity of the reference powder (the mold powder applied in high-speed continuous casting in steel industry), as well as the viscosity of the above-mentioned samples, was evaluated using HOT STAGE MICROSCOPE analysis. The results of HOT STAGE MICROSCOPE analysis revealed that the viscosity of the reference powder was similar to that of low-fluorine and fluorine-free samples. Finally, a fluorine-free sample containing a combination of Fe2O3 and TiO2 was introduced as an optimized composition which could be a substitute for the currently-used mold powder applied in the continuous casting of steel with high speed, considering its similar viscosity to be that of the reference powder

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is one of the most cultivated mushrooms in the world, and it prefers a temperate climate. The improvement of warm-weather shiitake strains is one way to increase shiitake yield in Thailand. Mushroom-growing houses should be equipped with mechanical cooling to control and establish the optimal environment for cultivation. In this study, an Indirect–Direct Evaporative Cooling (IDEC) system consisting of a cooling coil and evaporative cooling (cellulose pad) was tested for its suitability for shiitake cultivation from August 2020 to December 2020. Under optimal shading of, and growing conditions, the IDEC system maintained the air temperature (27–28°C) and relative humidity in the required ranges. The mushroom compost was almost completely brown after the 100-day test and ready for the next fruiting phase. When compared with the fan-pad system, regression analysis showed that the two systems exhibited similar performance and had similar equipment costs. However, the IDEC system had a lower air temperature at a lower relative humidity, and its efficiency was over 100%. This study demonstrated that the IDEC system can be applied to promote shiitake cultivation in HOT and humid climates.

Raman spectroscopy as a partner to infrared spectroscopy is now a well developed technique for structural and analytical investigations. This article is concerned with recent developments in the technique of Raman spectroscopy, i.e., the Raman microprobe or Raman MICROSCOPE. This technique makes possible meaningful studies of small microscopic particles (about 1- mu m in diameter) and only a nano-liter of a liquid or even a picogram of a solid sample. Examples of Raman spectra of very small size samples of a wide range of materials such as biological systems, polymers, fibers, etc., are given and the results are interpreted on the basis of vibrational Raman spectroscopy. It is concluded that the Raman MICROSCOPE is a unique non-destructive method of microchemical analysis.

Background: Due to repeated cholera outbreaks in Iran and neighboring countries, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of phenotypes of Ogawa and Inaba serotypes of Vibrio cholera 01 and classic Vibrio cholera 01 biotypes.Materials and methods: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) were applied on 4 species, of Ogawa and Inaba serotypes and two classic serotypes of Vibrio cholera 01. Results: Membrane diameter of Eltor was wider as compared to classic biotype. Number of ribosomes, protein synthesis, length and number of flagella were quite more in comparison with classic biotype. Conclusion: According to our findings, genome of classic biotype is more compact.